Strengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology

STROBE is weird abbreviation for STrengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology. 

What is This?

It is 22 items check list, that should be present in a article reporting on three main study design of observational analytical epidemiology

1. Cohort 

1. Case control 

1. Cross-Sectional 

It is kind of guidance for Dummies to know how to report the observational studies.  

It is developed 

• To assist the authors when reporting the observational analytical studies 

• To  support the journal editors and reviewers for considering the publication of article 

• To help readers when critically evaluating the article. 

It has 22 items, just like a checklist to produce a good report . 

• Title 1 is related to title and abstract of report/article.

• Titles 2-3 are related to Introduction.

• Titles 4-12 are related to Methods.

• Titles 13--17 are related to results.

• Titles 18-21 are regarding discussion.

• Title 22 is related to other information like funding etc 

Here is STROBE checklist... Click on Download to Download .
Source: www.strobe-statement.org and WHO. 

Non- medical studnets and self medication .. .... Strange

Yesss .... Self-medication.. I don't think so that u are quite familiar with the term self-medication.
Here let me explain for you .
Self Medication: According to WHO, Self-medication is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognised illnesses or symptoms. Its the part of Self care..

Of course, Every body is conscious about his / her health. and if some thing "WRONG" happens to his/ her health, That person is going to take some serious actions against that "WRONG" thing.
For example, If some one's eyes are red, itchy and burning, he is going to take self care, he'll simply just take out his eyes ????????

     absolutely not..... He is going to visit doctor ASAP.

            Same is with the Self-medication. It is as wrong as taking your eyes out with fork. If you feel some thing "WRONG"  just visit the physician or pharmacist. Over-smartness is dangerous for your health.
Now, back to topic
There was recent study on the non-medical students of Karachi, Pakistan, where scientists tried to figure out the self medication of Abx ( just being fancy. abbreviation of antibiotics ).
Main researcher was Syed Jawad Shah.. Hi S.J Shah.. I hope you fine :P Nice work dude. (co authors .. sorry for not getting credit :D )
Was published on open peer review journal BMC ..

key Findings:

1. 205 respondents (47.6%) out of 431 reported using antibiotics not prescribed by a doctor in the last six
months.
2. The most common antibiotic used for self-medication purposes was amoxicillin which was used by 81(41.4%) study participants. Amoxicillin was followed by Metronidazole (30.5%), Ciprofloxacin (12.7%) and Cotrimoxazole (9.5%). Erythromycin and Ampicillin/cloxacillin were used by 6.7% and 6.2% of the sample population respectively and other antibiotics were amongst the less frequently used antibiotics.
3. only 21.8% of the students (93 out of 427) reported experiencing adverse effects after antibiotic usage. Of the 71 students who specified which adverse effects they had experienced, 19 reported presence of abdominal complaints after antibiotic usage (26.7%), 13 reported an allergic reaction (18.3%), 9 reported sleep disturbance (12.7%), and 8 reported weakness (11.3%).
4.63% non-medical student didn't heard of antibiotic resistance. Some thing predictable.

It was alaaa research.
Source : http://www.biomedcentral.com/2050-6511/15/74/abstract
And Pdf Source .. Just click on Click this :P

Logic of Wound healing Using sugar

Every one is familiar with the effect of sugar on wound healing. And I also want other people to enjoy learning this.
sugar effects in wound healing:

1.       Sugar drains moisture in therefore draining it out of bacteria in surrounding tissue leading to bacterial dehydration ultimately as bactericide.

2.       Sugar and honey prevent scarring after injury that they heal ulcers and burns without need for skin grafts, they prevent the build up of stringy kind  of collagen that creates scar tissue. Instead a delicate mesh like collagen structure forms that allow skin to heal.

3.       Granulated sugar is a disaccharide sugar and combines with water.when applies to a wound it commonly dissolves in 4 hours , creating highly concentrated environment on the wound surface.Body fluids are attracted towards wound surface to equalize increased concentrated gradient increasing the volume of exudate( any liquid that filters from circulatory system into lesion or area of inflammation) produced. This appears to wash out wash out the wound and liquify devastated dead tissue .The tissues are removed after every time wound is dressed.

 Now the question is if sugar is too god for wound healing so why diabetic patients take too much time to heal the wound ????

Answer is here

1. Poor circulation: This is due to fatty acid deposits in artries that slow downs blood flow . which in turn limits reach of blood, nutrients necessary for healing.
2. Neuropathy
3. Suppression of immune system :

• wound healing some what depends on immune system (at primary stage). In the hyperglycemic stage (increased glucose / sugar conc. In blood) sugar draws water in blood that suppresses immune system.

• WBCs rely on vitamin c to ingest bacteria and viruses but since sugar and vitamin c has similar structures sugar compete with vitamin c for entering cell this results in suppression of immune system..

I hope it helped you
Regards admin